An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Person-centered psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_psychotherapy

Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), also known as Client-centered therapy, was developed by the humanist psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s.

He referred to it as counseling rather than psychotherapy.

The basic elements of Carl Rogers' new way of therapy was to have a more personal relationship with the patient to help the patient reach a state of realization that they can help themselves.

He did this by pushing the patient towards growth, great stress on the immediate situation rather than the past.

This way the person is able to use the therapy as a way to reach a better sense of self, rather than living in an irrational world.

Person-centered therapy is used to help a person achieve personal growth and or come to terms with a specific event or problem they are having.

PCT is based on the principle of talking therapy and is a non-directive approach.

The therapist encourages the patient to express their feelings and does not suggest how the person might wish to change, but by listening and then mirroring back what the patient reveals to them, helps them to explore and understand their feelings for themselves.

The patient is then able to decide what kind of changes they would like to make and can achieve personal growth.

Although this technique has been criticized by some for its lack of structure and set method it has proved to be a hugely effective and popular treatment.

PCT is predominantly used by psychologists and counselors in psychotherapy.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Co-counselling: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Counselling

Co-counselling (spelled co-counseling in American English) is a grassroots, low-cost method of personal change based on reciprocal peer counselling.

It uses simple methods that can be seen as a refinement of \"you tell me your problems and I'll tell you mine\".

In particular, time is shared equally and the essential requirement of the person taking their turn in the role of counsellor is to do their best to listen and give their full attention to the other person.

It is not a discussion; the aim is to support the person in the client role to work through their own issues in a mainly self-directed way.

Co-counselling was originally formulated in the early 1950s by the American Harvey Jackins through a combination of his personal experiences gained in counselling sessions and personal adaptations of earlier theories such as Dianetics, as described by well-known historian of Scientology, Jon Atack in his biography of L Ron Hubbard,

A Piece of Blue Sky. Jackins founded the Re-evaluation Counseling (RC) Communities, with head quarters in Seattle, Washington, United States.

His son, Tim Jackins, is currently the international leader of Re-evaluation Counseling and its main affiliates.

There are a number of smaller, separate, independent organisations that have resulted from (originally) breakaways from, or re-workings of, Re-evaluation Counselling.

The principal of these is Co-Counselling International (CCI), which can be considered to be a fork away from RC.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_analytic_psychotherapy

Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) was developed by Anthony Ryle.

This brief therapy was developed in the context of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom with the aim of providing effective and affordable psychological treatment which could be realistically provided in a resource constrained National Health Service.

CAT further evolved as an integrated therapy based on ideas from psychoanalytic therapy, cognitive therapy and Vygotskian ideas.

The model gives emphasis on collaborative work with the client, and focuses on the understanding of the patterns of maladaptive behaviours.

The aim of the therapy is to enable the client to recognise these patterns and understand their origins, and subsequently to learn alternative strategies in order to cope better.

CAT includes terms such as Snags, Dilemmas, Traps,and Sequential Diagrammatic Reformulation.

Recently the concept of core pain has been replaced by Reciprocal Roles and Reciprocal Role Procedure (Target Problem Procedure).

Typically the therapy comprises 16 sessions.

In the first 4 - 6 sessions the therapist collects all the relevant information.

After that s/he writes a reformulation letter to the client.

This letter summarises the therapists understanding of the client's problems.

Particular attention is given to understanding the connection between childhood patterns of behaviour and their impact on adult life.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Behavior_Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapy based on modifying cognitions, assumptions, beliefs and behaviors, with the aim of influencing disturbed emotions.

The general approach developed out of behavior modification, Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, and has become widely used to treat various kinds of neurosis and psychopathology, including mood disorders and anxiety disorders.

The particular therapeutic techniques vary according to the particular kind of client or issue, but commonly include keeping a diary of significant events and associated feelings, thoughts and behaviors; questioning and testing cognitions, assumptions, evaluations and beliefs that might be unhelpful and unrealistic; gradually facing activities which may have been avoided; and trying out new ways of behaving and reacting.

Relaxation and distraction techniques are also commonly included.

CBT is widely accepted as an evidence and empirically based, cost-effective psychotherapy for many disorders and psychological problems.

It is sometimes used with groups of people as well as individuals, and the techniques are also commonly adapted for self-help manuals and, increasingly, for self-help software packages.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Coherence Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_therapy

Coherence Therapy is a system of psychotherapy based in the theory that symptoms of mood, thought and behavior are produced coherently according to the person's current models of reality, most of which are implicit and unconscious.

It was founded by Bruce Ecker and Laurel Hulley in the 1990s.

It is currently considered among the most well respected postmodern/constructivist therapies.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Concentrative Movement Therapy (CMT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrative_movement_therapy

Concentrative Movement Therapy (CMT) is a psychotherapeutic method for group and individual therapy which is based on thought models stemming from developmental psychology and depth psychology.

Taking as its point of departure the theory that perception is comprised of sensation and experience (Viktor von Weizsäcker), CMT is interested in the conscious perception of the body in the “here and now“ against the background of the individual life and learning story [1].

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: The Conversational Model of Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversational_Model_%28The%29

The Conversational Model of Psychotherapy was devised by the English psychiatrist Robert Hobson, and developed by the Australian psychiatrist Russell Meares.

Hobson listened to recordings of his own psychotherapeutic practice with more disturbed clients, and became aware of the ways in which a patient's self - their unique sense of personal being - can come alive and develop, or be destroyed, in the flux of the conversation in the consulting room.

The Conversational Model views the aim of therapy as allowing the growth of the patient's self through encouraging a form of conversational relating called 'aloneness-togetherness'.

This phrase is reminiscent of Winnicott's idea of the importance of being able to be 'alone in the presence of another', and of Rogers' notion of 'unconditional positive regard'.

The client comes to eventually feel recognised, accepted and understood as who they are; their sense of personal being, or self, is fostered; and they can start to drop the destructive defenses which disrupt their sense of personal being.

The development of the self implies a capacity to embody and span the dialectic of 'aloneness-togetherness' - rather than being disposed toward either schizoid isolation (aloneness) or merging identification with the other (togetherness).

Although the therapy is described as psychodynamic, it relies more on careful empathic listening and the development of a common 'feeling language' than it does on psychoanalytic interpretation.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Core Process Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_process_psychotherapy

Core Process Psychotherapy is a psychotherapy that practices a Buddhist awareness as the centre of a healing relationship between client and therapist.

It was founded by Maura Sills and Franklyn Sills.

The Karuna Institute, a non-profit charity set in Widecombe-in-the-Moor, Devon, England trains core process psychotherapists including by focussing on birth trauma and using Kum Nye.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Dance Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_therapy

Dance Therapy, or dance movement therapy is the psychotherapeutic use of movement (and dance) for emotional, cognitive, social, behavioural and physical conditions.

It is a form of expressive therapy. Certified dance therapists hold a masters level of training.

Dance therapy is based on the premise that the body and mind are interrelated, that the state of the body can affect mental and emotional wellbeing both positively and negatively.

In contrast to artistic dance, which is usually concerned with the aesthetic appearance of movement, dance therapy explores the nature all movement.

Through observing and altering the kinesthetic movements of a client, dance movement therapists diagnose and help solve various psychological problems.

As any conscious person can move on some level, this therapy can work with any population.

Even standing still, sitting down, or moving hands in protest is considered an expression of movement in dance therapy.

There are several different forms of application of dance therapy, including authentic movement, group work, individual clients, and individual forms generated by the therapist themselves.

Marion Chace is considered the principal founder of what is now dance therapy.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Depth Psychology: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_Psychology

Depth Psychology is a broad term that refers to any psychological approach examining the depth (the hidden or deeper parts) of human experience.

It is applied in psychoanalysis.

Rather than utilizing techniques, it provides a frame of reference for exploring underlying motives and approaching various mental disorders, with the belief that these frames of reference are intrinsically healing.

It seeks the deep layer(s) underlying behavioral and cognitive processes — the unconscious.

The initial work and development of the theories and therapies by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Otto Rank that came to be known as depth psychology have resulted in three perspectives in modern times:

Psychoanalytic: Freud's object relations

Adlerian: Adler’s Individual psychology

Jungian: Jung’s Analytical psychology and James

Hillman’s \"Archetypal psychology\"

Those schools most strongly influenced by the work of Carl Jung, a 20th-century Swiss psychiatrist who in his Analytical psychology emphasizes questions of psyche, human development and personality development (or individuation).

Jung was strongly influenced by esotericism and draws on myths, archetypes and the idea of the collective unconscious.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy (DNMS): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_Needs_Meeting_Strategy

Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy (DNMS) is a recent form of adult psychotherapy developed by Shirley Jean Schmidt [1].

It has been used in treating dissociative identity disorder[2] (DID).

It is an ego-state therapy based on the knowledge of how the brain develops in childhood.

DNMS is based on the assumption that present-day issues that originated in unmet childhood needs are perpetuated by maladaptive introjects (see, Introjection).

DNMS is a semi-hypnotic therapy that uses alternating bilateral stimulation to process these maladaptive introjects, build internal resource connections, and strengthen positive experiences.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_Behavior_Therapy

Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is a psychosocial treatment developed by Marsha M. Linehan [1] specifically to treat individuals with borderline personality disorder.

While DBT was designed for individuals with borderline personality disorder, it is used for patients with other diagnoses as well.

The treatment itself is based largely in behaviorist theory with some cognitive therapy elements as well.

Unlike cognitive therapy it incorporates mindfulness practice as a central component of the therapy.

There are two essential parts of the treatment, and without either of these parts the therapy is not considered \"DBT adherent.\"

1. An individual component in which the therapist and client discuss issues that come up during the week, recorded on diary cards and follow a treatment target hierarchy.

Self-injurious and suicidal behaviors take first priority, followed by therapy interfering behaviors.

Then there are quality of life issues and finally working towards improving one's life generally.

During the individual therapy, the therapist and client work towards improving skill use. Often, skills group is discussed and obstacles to acting skillfully are addressed.

2. The group, which ordinarily meets once weekly for about 2-2.5 hours, in which clients learn to use specific skills that are broken down into 4 modules: core mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, interpersonal effectiveness skills and distress tolerance skills.