An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_psychotherapy

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited psychotherapy that was developed in the 1970s and 80s as an outpatient treatment for adults who were diagnosed with moderate or severe non-delusional depression.[1]

It has its roots in the interpersonal theory of psychiatry of Harry Stack Sullivan.

Over the last 30 years, a number of empirical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of IPT in the treatment of depression.[2] Although originally developed as an individual therapy for adults, IPT has been modified for use with adolescents and older adults, bipolar disorder, bulimia, post-partum depression and couples counseling;[3] and although IPT has its roots in psychodynamic theory, it takes its cues from contemporary cognitive behavioral approaches both in that it is time-limited and also in its use of homework, structured interviews and assessment tools.[4]

Interpersonal therapy was first developed as a theoretical placebo for the use in psychotherapy research by Gerald Klerman, et al.

IPT was, however, found to be quite effective in the treatment of several psychological problems.

IPT is based on the belief that psychological problems are due to communication problems, which are formed due to attachment styles.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Jungian Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung

Carl Gustav Jung (IPA: [ˈkarl ˈgʊstaf ˈjʊŋ]) (July 26, 1875, Kesswil – June 6, 1961, Küsnacht) was a Swiss psychiatrist, influential thinker, and founder of analytical psychology.

Jung's unique and broadly influential approach to psychology has emphasized understanding the psyche through exploring the worlds of dreams, art, mythology, world religion and philosophy.

Although he was a theoretical psychologist and practicing clinician for most of his life, much of his life's work was spent exploring other realms, including Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, sociology, as well as literature and the arts.

His most notable contributions include his concept of the psychological archetype, the collective unconscious, and his theory of synchronicity.

Jung emphasized the importance of balance and harmony.

He cautioned that modern humans rely too heavily on science and logic and would benefit from integrating spirituality and appreciation of the unconscious realm.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Logotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logotherapy

Developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, Logotherapy is considered the \"third Viennese school of psychotherapy\"[citation needed] after Freud's psychoanalysis and Adler's individual psychology.

It is a type of Existential Analysis that focuses on a \"will to meaning\" as opposed to Adler's Nietzschian doctrine of \"will to power\" or Freud's of \"will to pleasure\".

The following list of tenets represents Frankl's basic beliefs regarding the philosophy of Logotherapy:

*Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable ones.

*Our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.

*We have freedom to find meaning in what we do, and what we experience, or at least in the stand we take when faced with a situation of unchangeable suffering.

A short introduction to this system is given in Frankl's most famous book, \"Man's Search for Meaning\", in which he outlines how his theories helped him to survive his Holocaust experience and how that experience further developed and reinforced his theories.

The human spirit is referred to in several of the assumptions of Logotherapy, but it should be noted that the use of the term spirit is not \"spiritual\" or \"religious.

\" In Frankl's view, the spirit is the will of the human being. The emphasis, therefore, is on the search for meaning, not the search for God or any other supernatural being. Frankl also noted the barriers to humanity's quest for meaning in life.

He warns against \"...affluence, hedonism, [and] materialism...\" in the search for meaning.

Logotherapy Institute at Vienna University: www.viktorfrankl.org/e/indexe.html & www.viktorfrankl.org/d/indexd.html

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Relationship Counseling/Marriage Counseling: (This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards):

Relationship Counseling/Marriage Counseling: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_counseling

Relationship counseling is the process of counseling the parties of a relationship in an effort to recognize and to better manage or reconcile troublesome differences and repeating patterns of distress.

The relationship involved may be between members of a family, couples, employees or employers in a workplace, or between a professional and a client.

History:

Relationship counseling as a discrete, professional service is a recent phenomenon.

Until the late 20th century, the work of relationship counseling was informally fulfilled by close friends, family members, or local religious leaders.

Psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors and social workers have historically dealt primarily with individual psychological problems.

In many less technologically advanced cultures around the world today, the institution of family, the village or group elders fulfill the work of relationship counseling.

Today marriage mentoring mirrors those cultures.

With increasing modernization or westernization in many parts of the world and the continuous shift towards isolated nuclear families, the old support structures are no longer there and the need for relationship counseling is greater than ever.

In western society the trend is towards trained relationship counselors; these are often volunteers who wish to help others, and are trained by either the Government or social service institutions to help those who are in need of counseling.

Many communities and government departments have their own team of trained voluntary or professional relationship counselors.

Similar services are operated by many universities and colleges, often staffed by volunteers from among the student peer group.

Some large companies maintain a full-time professional counseling staff to facilitate smoother interactions between corporate employees, to minimize the negative effects that personal difficulties might have on work performance.

(This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards).

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Integrative Milieu model: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_milieu_model

The integrative Milieu Model, developed by Kevin F. McCready, is an alternative treatment regime to the medical model of psychiatry for treating people suffering from psychological distress.

A central part of the anti-psychiatry movement, being a close friend of Peter Breggin and a board member of the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology, McCready based his model on the idea that human psychological suffering is not caused by a physiological disease or a chemical imbalance, but by a compromise to a person's humanity.

He believed that the biomedical model of psychiatry was a compromise to a person's humanity, stripping its patients from elements he considers to be a necessary and natural part of human life experience.

This model of treatment combined elements from psychodynamic theories, particularly the theories of Carl G. Jung; humanism; and existentialism[1].

The integrative milieu model's approach is one which attempts to create a new community for its participants to interact within.

This community is based on four main ideas:

*The milieu must be a therapeutic container which allows an intensive exploration of the personal and collective psyche.

*It must therefore have a structure which maintains continuity and a sense of security.

*The professionals who work to maintain the structure of the container must be flexible to allow for the expected and the unexpected expression of self which comes in such an environment.

*The integration of all aspects of the human experience must be not only allowed to be expressed and explored, but must be encouraged to be expressed and explored.

*This means that all aspects of humanity must be made part of the integrative milieu, including such things as play, art, music, discussion, and intimacy [2].

*A respect for the human being's sense of self-direction.

All patients within the milieu are expected to behave in a responsible, respectful manner. McCready believed that the expectations which are part of a community's fundamental philosophy play a significant role in the corresponding behavior of those who are part of the community.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness-based_Cognitive_Therapy

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a method of therapy which blends features of two disciplines:

Cognitive therapy aims to identify and alter cognitive distortions (warped or inaccurate thoughts);

Mindfulness is a meditative practice from Buddhism, which aims to help people identify their thoughts, moment by moment, but without passing judgement on the thoughts.

In MBCT, the patient is invited to recognize and accept feelings as they come and go instead of trying to push them away.

Traditional cognitive therapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), focuses on changing negative content of thoughts while MBCT emphasizes the process of paying attention to thoughts and feelings moment by moment and without judgment.

Changing the patient's relationship to the suffering caused by negative thoughts is the key because there is no possible way to alleviate all suffering.

No therapy or meditation will prevent unpleasant things from happening in our daily lives but the two practices combined may provide more objectivity from which to view these unpleasant things.

MBCT's main technique is based on the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) eight week program, developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979 at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center.

Research shows that MBSR is enormously empowering for patients with chronic pain, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as for psychological problems such as anxiety and panic.

People often misunderstand the goal of therapy and especially mindfulness.

Relaxation and happiness are not the aim, but rather a \"freedom from the tendency to get drawn into automatic reactions to thoughts, feelings, and events\" .[1]

Patients change the relationship to chronic pain so the pain becomes more manageable.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy grew largely from Jon Kabat-Zinn's work. Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams and John D. Teasdale helped adapt the MBSR program so it could be used with people who had suffered repeated bouts of depression in their lives. Currently, MBCT programs usually consist of eight-weekly two hour classes with weekly assignments to be done outside of session.

The aim of this program is to enhance awareness so we are able to respond to things instead of react to them. \"We can respond to situations with choice rather than reacting automatically.

We do that by practicing to become more aware of where our attention is, and deliberately changing the focus of attention, over and over again\".[2]

The structure of MBCT requires strong commitment and work on the clients' part but the rewards can be lasting.

Patients participating in the program meet as a group on a weekly basis.

The Mindful Way Through Depression is used as the patient manual for the program and contains guided Mindfulness practices on CD that are assigned as homework.[3]

Effectiveness of MBCT: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness-based_...ffectiveness_of_MBCT

Research is now showing the effectiveness of mindfulness in the prevention of relapse.

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recently endorsed MBCT as an effective treatment for prevention of relapse.

Research has shown that people who have been clinically depressed three or more times (sometimes for twenty years or more) find that taking the program and learning these skills helps to reduce considerably their chances that depression will return.

In a study conducted with 145 participants, all the patients had previously recovered from depression and then relapsed. These sufferers were split randomly into groups providing different methods of treatment.

Within a year, patients who were undergoing MBCT \"reduced relapse from 66% (control group) to 37% (treatment group)\".[4]

\"Whereas most people might be able to ignore sad mood, in previously depressed persons a slight lowering of mood might bring about a potentially devastating change in thought patterns\".[5]

The core skill of MBCT is to teach the ideas of recognizing these thought patterns in order to break away from the false constructs of our mind.

Relapse is avoided because the onset of depression is recognized before it has fully developed.

The vicious cycle is stopped before it even gets started.

More Information On: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): www.gla.ac.uk/departments/generalpractic...indfulnessreport.PDF & www.feebly.org/Mindfulness-based_Cogniti...apy/encyclopedia.htm

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Method of Levels: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_Levels

The Method of Levels (MOL) is a cognitive approach to psychotherapy based on perceptual control theory (PCT).

Using MOL, the therapist works with the patient to resolve conflicts by helping the patient shift his or her awareness to higher levels of perception in order to allow reorganization to take place.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Morita Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morita_Therapy

Morita Therapy is a purpose-centered, response oriented therapy from Japan, created in the 1930s by Dr. Shoma Morita.

Background:

Dr. Shoma Morita (1874-1938) was a psychiatrist and department chair at Jikei University's School of Medicine in Tokyo.

Morita's personal training in Zen Buddhism influenced his teachings, yet Morita therapy is not a Zen practice.

Morita formulated his psychotherapeutic principles in Japan as a program for the treatment of neurotic tendencies at the same time that attention in Europe was given to Dr. Sigmund Freud's discovery of the unconscious and Carl Jung's development of archetypes.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Multimodal Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimodal_Therapy

Multimodal Therapy is an approach to psychotherapy founded by Arnold Lazarus.

It is based on the idea that humans are biological beings that think, feel, act, sense, imagine, and interact; and that each of these \"modalities\" should be addressed in psychological treatment.

Multimodal assessment and treatment is built around the acronym BASIC I.D.: (i.e., seven interactive and reciprocally influential dimensions of personality/psychology or \"modalities\" which are Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition, Interpersonal relationships, and Drugs/biology, respectively).

Multimodal Therapy originated within the context of Behavior Therapy and, later, the framework of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (\"CBT\").

Indeed, Arnold Lazarus introduced the terms \"behavior therapy\" and \"behavior therapist\" into the professional literature in 1958.

During his pioneering work in the clinical arena of CBT, Arnold Lazarus realized that more areas of psychosocial functioning often needed to be addressed in therapy than merely actions and thoughts.

This led him to expand the model of traditional CBT by incorporating additional modalities for assessment and treatment.

This was briefly referred to as \"broad-spectrum behavior therapy,\" and ultimately became Multimodal Therapy.

Multimodal Therapy embraces technical eclecticism, or the idea that treatment can and should consist of techniques from many different theoretical perspectives, without the clinician necessarily adopting the theoretical basis for those techniques.

While Multimodal therapists enjoy a great deal of flexibility in terms of technique selection, they are expected to consult relevant research and to favor research-backed techniques over techniques without research backing.

Much emphasis is placed on tailoring treatment to the individual client.

What's more, rather than using traditional diagnostic nomenclature, Multimodal Therapy uses several methods to identify specific problems within the various BASIC I.D. modalities and proposes specific therapeutic interventions for each identified problem.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Multitheoretical Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitheoretical_Psychotherapy

Multitheoretical Psychotherapy (MTP) is a new approach to Integrative Psychotherapy developed by Jeff E. Brooks-Harris and his colleagues at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.

MTP is organized around five principles for integration:

*1: Intentional

*2: Multidimensional

*3: Multitheoretical

*4: Strategy-Based

*5: Relational

Being intentional involves making informed choices about the focus of treatment, theoretical conceptualization, intervention strategies, and relational stances.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Narrative Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_Therapy

Narrative Therapy was initially developed during the 1970s and 1980s, largely by Australian Michael White (Dulwich Centre) and his friend and colleague, David Epston, of New Zealand.

Their approach became prevalent in North America with the 1990 publication of their book, Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends, followed by numerous books and articles about previously unmanageable cases of anorexia, ADHD, schizophrenia, and many other problems.

In 2007 White published Maps of Narrative Practice, a presentation of six kinds of key conversations.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Music Therapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_therapy

Music Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a qualified professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.

In other words, music therapy is the use of music by a trained professional to achieve therapeutic goals. Goal areas may include, but are not limited to, motor skills, social/interpersonal development, cognitive development, self-awareness, and spiritual enhancement.

Music therapists are found in nearly every area of the helping professions.

Some commonly found practices include developmental work (communication, motor skills, etc.) with individuals with special needs, songwriting and listening in reminiscence/orientation work with the elderly, processing and relaxation work, and rhythmic entrainment for physical rehabilitation in stroke victims.

The idea of music as a healing modality dates back to the beginnings of history, and some of the earliest notable mentions in Western history are found in the writings of ancient Greek philosophers.

Robert Burton wrote in the 17th century in his classic work, The Anatomy of Melancholy, that music and dance were critical in treating mental illness, especially melancholia. [1] [2] [3]

Music Therapy is considered one of the expressive therapies.

Music therapy in the United Kingdom: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_therapy#Musi...n_the_United_Kingdom

Live music was used in hospitals after both of the World Wars, as part of the regime for some recovering soldiers.

Clinical Music therapy in Britain as it is understood today was pioneered in the 60s and 70s by French cellist Juliette Alvin, whose influence on the current generation of British music therapy lecturers remains strong.

The Nordoff-Robbins approach to music therapy developed from the work of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins in the 1950/60s.

It is grounded in the belief that everyone can respond to music, no matter how ill or disabled.

The unique qualities of music as therapy can enhance communication, support change, and enable people to live more resourcefully and creatively.

Nordoff-Robbins now run music therapy sessions throughout the UK, US, South Africa, Australia and Germany.

Its head quarters are in London where it also provides training and further education programmes, including the only PHD course in music therapy available in the UK.

Music therapists, many of whom work with an improvisatory model (see clinical improvisation), are active particularly in the fields of child and adult learning disability, but also in psychiatry and forensic psychiatry, geriatrics, palliative care and other areas.

Practitioners are registered with the Health Professions Council [3] and from 2007 new regisrants must normally hold a masters degree in music therapy.

There are masters level programmes in music therapy in Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Edinburgh and London, and there are therapists throughout the United Kingdom.

The professional body in the UK is the Association of Professional Music Therapists [4] while the British Society for Music Therapy [5] is a charity providing information about music therapy.

In 2002 the World Congress of Music Therapy was held in Oxford, on the theme of Dialogue and Debate. See[6]

In November 2006, Dr. Michael J. Crawford [4] and his colleagues again found that music therapy helped the outcomes of Schizophrenic patients.