An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: IBP Integrative Body Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBP_Integrative_Body_Psychotherapy

“IBP Integrative Body Psychotherapy” was developed by Jack Lee Rosenberg, Ph.D., MFT. IBP was founded and developed by Jack Lee Rosenberg together with Diana Asay, a Jungian Analyst, and Marjorie Rand, Ph.D.and first presented as a therapeutic form in their book: \"Body, Self and Soul - Sustaining Integration\". (1985)

In 2007 there are 14 regional Institutes, covering the U.S.A., Canada and european countries (Switzerland, Germany, Belgium).

In Switzerland and Canada Integrative Body Psychotherapy IBP has received acceptance by the state authorities as the first method of body psychotherapy.

The different IBP Institutes are members of the U.S. Association for Body Psychotherapy (USABP) , the European Association for Body Psychotherapy (EABP)

Approach: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBP_Integrative_Bo...ychotherapy#Approach

IBP's approach is a holistic one, taking body, self and soul as inseparable aspects of our being human.

It focuses on the somatic, emotional, social, and spiritual energetic experience, and the way these are expressed in relationships through words and embodiment.

Basic Concepts: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBP_Integrative_Bo...erapy#Basic_Concepts

The basic concepts used in this therapeutic style are: Body-awareness, Core or True Self (self psychology), Breath, Grounding, Containment, Boundaries (see Gestalt therapy), Fragmentation and Reframing-composition, Issue of Sexuality, Current Situation, Here and Now, Transference and Counter transference in the therapeutic relationship.

The concepts of Secret Themes, Character Style, (other) Agency and Self Agency Daniel Stern were developed later with Beverly Morse Ph.D and integrated into IBP. Release of tension and transpersonal aspects round off the \"core bug\".

The aim is to create a greater and smoother sense of wholeness both within oneself, with others and existentially with the cosmic powers that be.

History: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBP_Integrative_Bo...sychotherapy#History

Rosenberg first brought his mind-body psychology to dentists in the early 1960's, later he brought body-mind integration to psychotherapists and counsellors.

Rosenberg has integrated the effective aspects of Psychoanalysis, Object Relations Theory, Gestalt therapy, Reichian therapy, Self Psychology, Bioenergetics (Bioenergetic analysis), Transpersonal Psychotherapy, Yoga and Eastern theories and practices.

He synthesized the best of these various approaches with his own personal perspective and created a highly effective implementation for psychotherapy.

Jack Rosenberg became a training therapist and board member at the Gestalt Institute of Psychotherapy, San Francisco (1968-1976).

As a trainer at the Gestalt Institute in San Francisco for nine years, he first called his work Gestalt Body Psychotherapy (GBT) and only in the 1980s \"Integrative Body Psychotherapy\" after starting to write \"Body, Self and Soul - Sustaining Integration\" in 1979. Source: JACK LEE ROSENBERG, Celebrating a Master Psychotherapist.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Integral Thought (This article is about integral thought in philosophy and psychology. It is unrelated to the concept of an integral in calculus. It is also unrelated to Integralism, a right-wing political philosophy):

Integral Thought (also called the integral paradigm, the integral movement, integral philosophy, the integral worldview, or the integral approach): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_psychotherapy

Integral thought (also called the integral paradigm, the integral movement, integral philosophy, the integral worldview, or the integral approach) is a New Age movement that seeks a comprehensive understanding of humans and the universe by combining scientific and spiritual insights.

The movement originates with the California Institute of Integral Studies founded in 1968 by Haridas Chaudhuri, a disciple of Sri Aurobindo.

A notable current proponent is Ken Wilber.

Integral thought is claimed to provide \"a new understanding of how evolution affects the development of consciousness and culture\".[1]

According to the Integral Transformative Practice website, integral means \"dealing with the body, mind, heart, and soul.\"

Integral thought is seen by proponents as going beyond rationalism and materialism.

It attempts to introduce a more universal and holistic perspective or approach. Proponents view rationalism as subordinating, ignoring, and/or denying spirituality.

Wilber begins by acknowledging and validating mystical experience, rather than denying its reality.

As these experiences have occurred to humans in all cultures in all eras, integral theorists accept them as valuable and not pathological.

(This article is about integral thought in philosophy and psychology. It is unrelated to the concept of an integral in calculus. It is also unrelated to Integralism, a right-wing political philosophy).

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Integrative Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_Psychotherapy

Integrative Psychotherapy involves the fusion of different schools of psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotherapy

Background: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_Psychotherapy#Background

Initially, Sigmund Freud developed a talking cure called psychoanalysis; then he wrote about his therapy and popularized psychoanalysis.

After Freud, many different disciplines splintered off.

Some of the more common therapies include: psychoanalytic psychotherapy, counseling, co-counseling, analysis, transactional analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, gestalt therapy, body psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, family systems therapy, person-centered psychotherapy, and existential therapy.

Over two hundred different acknowledged theories of psychotherapy are practiced.[citation needed]

A new therapy is born in several stages.

After being trained in an existing school of psychotherapy, the therapist begins to practice.

Then, after follow up training in other schools, the therapist may combine the different theories as a basis of a new practice.

Then, some practitioners write about their new approach and label this approach with a new name.

This overall pattern has been observed in numerous new therapies and is certain to form many future therapies.

A pragmatic or a theoretical approach can be taken when fusing schools of psychotherapy.

Pragmatic practitioners blend a few strands of theory from a few schools as well as various techniques; such practitioners are sometimes called eclectic psychotherapists and are primarily concerned with what works.

Alternatively, other therapists consider themselves to be more theoretically grounded as they blend their theories; they are called integrated psychotherapists and are not only concerned with what works, but why it works.

For example an eclectic therapist might experience a change in their client after administering a particular technique and be satisfied with a positive result.

In contrast, an integrative therapist is curious about the \"why and how\" of the change as well.

A theoretical emphasis is important; for example, the client may only have been trying to please the therapist and was adapting to the therapist rather than becoming more fully empowered in themselves.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_short-te...ynamic_psychotherapy

Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) is a form of short-term psychotherapy developed through empirical research by Habib Davanloo MD.

Its primary goal is to help the patient overcome internal resistance to experiencing true feelings about the present and past which have been warded off because they are either too frightening or else too painful.

The technique is intensive in that it aims to help the patient experience these warded-off feelings to the maximum degree possible.

It is short-term in that it tries to achieve this experience as quickly as possible.

It is dynamic because it imvolves working with unconscious forces and transference feelings.

Patients come to therapy because of either symptoms or interpersonal difficulties.

Symptoms include traditional psychological problems like anxiety and depression, but they also include medically unexplained symptoms (e.g. headache, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, sudden weakness) which occur in distressing situations where painful or forbidden emotions are triggered outside of awareness.

The therapy itself was developed during the 1960s to 1990s by Dr. Habib Davanloo, a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst from Montreal who grew frustrated with the lengthiness and relatively limited efficacy of psychoanalysis.

He began video recording patient interviews and watching the recordings in minute detail to determine as precisely as possible what sorts of interventions were most effective in overcoming resistance.

In addition to numerous articles, his principal texts are Unlocking the Unconscious (Wiley, 1990) and Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (Wiley, 2001).

Origins and Theoretical Foundation of ISTDP: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_short- term_dynamic_psychotherapy#Origins_and_Theoretical_Foundation_of_ISTDP

In 1895, Breuer and Sigmund Freud published their \"Studies on Hysteria\", which looked at a series of cases where patients presented with very dramatic neurological symptoms.

These symptoms did not conform to known patterns of neuroanatomical disease, and neurologists of the day were thus quite mystified.

Breuer's breakthrough was the discovery that symptomatic relief could be brought about by encouraging patients to simply speak freely about emotionally difficult aspects of their lives.

It was not just the talk, though; it was also the experience of emotions, previously outside of awareness, which seemed curative.

This cure became known as catharsis, and the experiencing of the previously forbidden or painful emotion was abreaction.

Freud tried various techniques to deal with the fact that patients were, quite naturally, resistant to experiencing painful feelings.

He moved from hypnosis to waking suggestion, and finally to free association and dream interpretation.

With each step, therapy became longer and longer. Furthermore, as Freud and the early analysts encountered ever more difficult cases, they realised that the patient's degree of resistance could actually be quite profound.

Freud himself was quite open about the possibility that there were many patients for whom analysis could bring little or no relief, and he discusses the factors in his 1937 paper \"Analysis Terminable and Interminable.\"

From the 1930s through the 1950s, numerous analysts were engaged with the question of how to shorten the course of therapy but still achieve therapeutic effectiveness.

These included Sándor Ferenczi, Franz Alexander, Peter Sifneos, David Malan, and Habib Davanloo.

One of the first discoveries was that the patients who tended to benefit the most greatly from therapy were those who could rapidly engage, could describe a specific therapeutic focus, and could quickly move to an experience of their previously warded-off feelings.

These also happened to represent those patients who were the healthiest to begin with and therefore had the least need for the therapy being offered.

Clinical research revealed that these patients were able to benefit because they were the least resistant.

They were the least resistant because they were the least traumatised and therefore had the smallest burden of repressed emotion.

However, among the patients coming to the clinic for various problems, the rapid responders represented only a small minority.

What could be offered to those who represented the vast bulk of patients coming for treatment?

It became commonly recognised among the short-term dynamic researchers that overcoming resistance was the chief task of psychotherapeutic research.

Toward this end, Dr. David Malan first conceptualised a model of resistance, known as the \"Triangle of Conflict\". At the bottom of the triangle are the patient's true impulse-laden feelings, outside of conscious awareness.

When those emotions rise to a certain degree and threaten to break into conscious awareness, they trigger anxiety.

The patient manages this anxiety by deploying defences, which lessen anxiety by pushing emotions back into the unconscious.

The emotions at the bottom of Malan's Triangle of Conflict originate in the patient's past, and Malan's second triangle, the \"Triangle of Persons\", explains that old emotions generated from the past are triggered in current relationships and also get triggered in the relationship with the therapist.

But how is it that people end up with painful emotions in the first place which they ward out of awareness?

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Internal Family Systems Model: (This article does not cite any references or sources: April 2007):

Internal Family Systems Model: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Family_Systems_Model

The Internal Family Systems Model (IFS) is an integrative approach to psychotherapy, relationship counseling, and family therapy developed by Richard C. Schwartz, Ph.D.

It combines systems thinking and multiplicity of the mind, and applies the theories of family therapy to the intrapsychic world of subpersonalities.

(This article does not cite any references or sources: April 2007).

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Interpersonal Psychoanalysis: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_psychoanalysis

Interpersonal Psychoanalysis is based on the theories of Harry Stack Sullivan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Stack_Sullivan , an American psychiatrist who believed that the details of patient's interpersonal interactions with others provided insight into the causes and cures of mental disorder.[1][2]

Sullivan argued that patients keep many aspects of interpersonal relationships out of their awareness by selective inattention.

He felt that it to be important for psychotherapists to conduct a detailed inquiry into patient's interactions with others so that patients would become optimally aware of their interpersonal patterns.

Unlike classical psychoanalysts, interpersonal analysts focus on asking patients detailed questions about their moment-to-moment interactions with others, including the analyst.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_psychotherapy

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited psychotherapy that was developed in the 1970s and 80s as an outpatient treatment for adults who were diagnosed with moderate or severe non-delusional depression.[1]

It has its roots in the interpersonal theory of psychiatry of Harry Stack Sullivan.

Over the last 30 years, a number of empirical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of IPT in the treatment of depression.[2] Although originally developed as an individual therapy for adults, IPT has been modified for use with adolescents and older adults, bipolar disorder, bulimia, post-partum depression and couples counseling;[3] and although IPT has its roots in psychodynamic theory, it takes its cues from contemporary cognitive behavioral approaches both in that it is time-limited and also in its use of homework, structured interviews and assessment tools.[4]

Interpersonal therapy was first developed as a theoretical placebo for the use in psychotherapy research by Gerald Klerman, et al.

IPT was, however, found to be quite effective in the treatment of several psychological problems.

IPT is based on the belief that psychological problems are due to communication problems, which are formed due to attachment styles.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Jungian Psychotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung

Carl Gustav Jung (IPA: [ˈkarl ˈgʊstaf ˈjʊŋ]) (July 26, 1875, Kesswil – June 6, 1961, Küsnacht) was a Swiss psychiatrist, influential thinker, and founder of analytical psychology.

Jung's unique and broadly influential approach to psychology has emphasized understanding the psyche through exploring the worlds of dreams, art, mythology, world religion and philosophy.

Although he was a theoretical psychologist and practicing clinician for most of his life, much of his life's work was spent exploring other realms, including Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, sociology, as well as literature and the arts.

His most notable contributions include his concept of the psychological archetype, the collective unconscious, and his theory of synchronicity.

Jung emphasized the importance of balance and harmony.

He cautioned that modern humans rely too heavily on science and logic and would benefit from integrating spirituality and appreciation of the unconscious realm.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Logotherapy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logotherapy

Developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, Logotherapy is considered the \"third Viennese school of psychotherapy\"[citation needed] after Freud's psychoanalysis and Adler's individual psychology.

It is a type of Existential Analysis that focuses on a \"will to meaning\" as opposed to Adler's Nietzschian doctrine of \"will to power\" or Freud's of \"will to pleasure\".

The following list of tenets represents Frankl's basic beliefs regarding the philosophy of Logotherapy:

*Life has meaning under all circumstances, even the most miserable ones.

*Our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life.

*We have freedom to find meaning in what we do, and what we experience, or at least in the stand we take when faced with a situation of unchangeable suffering.

A short introduction to this system is given in Frankl's most famous book, \"Man's Search for Meaning\", in which he outlines how his theories helped him to survive his Holocaust experience and how that experience further developed and reinforced his theories.

The human spirit is referred to in several of the assumptions of Logotherapy, but it should be noted that the use of the term spirit is not \"spiritual\" or \"religious.

\" In Frankl's view, the spirit is the will of the human being. The emphasis, therefore, is on the search for meaning, not the search for God or any other supernatural being. Frankl also noted the barriers to humanity's quest for meaning in life.

He warns against \"...affluence, hedonism, [and] materialism...\" in the search for meaning.

Logotherapy Institute at Vienna University: www.viktorfrankl.org/e/indexe.html & www.viktorfrankl.org/d/indexd.html

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Relationship Counseling/Marriage Counseling: (This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards):

Relationship Counseling/Marriage Counseling: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_counseling

Relationship counseling is the process of counseling the parties of a relationship in an effort to recognize and to better manage or reconcile troublesome differences and repeating patterns of distress.

The relationship involved may be between members of a family, couples, employees or employers in a workplace, or between a professional and a client.

History:

Relationship counseling as a discrete, professional service is a recent phenomenon.

Until the late 20th century, the work of relationship counseling was informally fulfilled by close friends, family members, or local religious leaders.

Psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors and social workers have historically dealt primarily with individual psychological problems.

In many less technologically advanced cultures around the world today, the institution of family, the village or group elders fulfill the work of relationship counseling.

Today marriage mentoring mirrors those cultures.

With increasing modernization or westernization in many parts of the world and the continuous shift towards isolated nuclear families, the old support structures are no longer there and the need for relationship counseling is greater than ever.

In western society the trend is towards trained relationship counselors; these are often volunteers who wish to help others, and are trained by either the Government or social service institutions to help those who are in need of counseling.

Many communities and government departments have their own team of trained voluntary or professional relationship counselors.

Similar services are operated by many universities and colleges, often staffed by volunteers from among the student peer group.

Some large companies maintain a full-time professional counseling staff to facilitate smoother interactions between corporate employees, to minimize the negative effects that personal difficulties might have on work performance.

(This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards).

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Integrative Milieu model: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_milieu_model

The integrative Milieu Model, developed by Kevin F. McCready, is an alternative treatment regime to the medical model of psychiatry for treating people suffering from psychological distress.

A central part of the anti-psychiatry movement, being a close friend of Peter Breggin and a board member of the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology, McCready based his model on the idea that human psychological suffering is not caused by a physiological disease or a chemical imbalance, but by a compromise to a person's humanity.

He believed that the biomedical model of psychiatry was a compromise to a person's humanity, stripping its patients from elements he considers to be a necessary and natural part of human life experience.

This model of treatment combined elements from psychodynamic theories, particularly the theories of Carl G. Jung; humanism; and existentialism[1].

The integrative milieu model's approach is one which attempts to create a new community for its participants to interact within.

This community is based on four main ideas:

*The milieu must be a therapeutic container which allows an intensive exploration of the personal and collective psyche.

*It must therefore have a structure which maintains continuity and a sense of security.

*The professionals who work to maintain the structure of the container must be flexible to allow for the expected and the unexpected expression of self which comes in such an environment.

*The integration of all aspects of the human experience must be not only allowed to be expressed and explored, but must be encouraged to be expressed and explored.

*This means that all aspects of humanity must be made part of the integrative milieu, including such things as play, art, music, discussion, and intimacy [2].

*A respect for the human being's sense of self-direction.

All patients within the milieu are expected to behave in a responsible, respectful manner. McCready believed that the expectations which are part of a community's fundamental philosophy play a significant role in the corresponding behavior of those who are part of the community.

An List Of: Talking Therapies/Counselling For Mental Health/Depression: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness-based_Cognitive_Therapy

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a method of therapy which blends features of two disciplines:

Cognitive therapy aims to identify and alter cognitive distortions (warped or inaccurate thoughts);

Mindfulness is a meditative practice from Buddhism, which aims to help people identify their thoughts, moment by moment, but without passing judgement on the thoughts.

In MBCT, the patient is invited to recognize and accept feelings as they come and go instead of trying to push them away.

Traditional cognitive therapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), focuses on changing negative content of thoughts while MBCT emphasizes the process of paying attention to thoughts and feelings moment by moment and without judgment.

Changing the patient's relationship to the suffering caused by negative thoughts is the key because there is no possible way to alleviate all suffering.

No therapy or meditation will prevent unpleasant things from happening in our daily lives but the two practices combined may provide more objectivity from which to view these unpleasant things.

MBCT's main technique is based on the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) eight week program, developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn in 1979 at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center.

Research shows that MBSR is enormously empowering for patients with chronic pain, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as for psychological problems such as anxiety and panic.

People often misunderstand the goal of therapy and especially mindfulness.

Relaxation and happiness are not the aim, but rather a \"freedom from the tendency to get drawn into automatic reactions to thoughts, feelings, and events\" .[1]

Patients change the relationship to chronic pain so the pain becomes more manageable.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy grew largely from Jon Kabat-Zinn's work. Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams and John D. Teasdale helped adapt the MBSR program so it could be used with people who had suffered repeated bouts of depression in their lives. Currently, MBCT programs usually consist of eight-weekly two hour classes with weekly assignments to be done outside of session.

The aim of this program is to enhance awareness so we are able to respond to things instead of react to them. \"We can respond to situations with choice rather than reacting automatically.

We do that by practicing to become more aware of where our attention is, and deliberately changing the focus of attention, over and over again\".[2]

The structure of MBCT requires strong commitment and work on the clients' part but the rewards can be lasting.

Patients participating in the program meet as a group on a weekly basis.

The Mindful Way Through Depression is used as the patient manual for the program and contains guided Mindfulness practices on CD that are assigned as homework.[3]

Effectiveness of MBCT: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness-based_...ffectiveness_of_MBCT

Research is now showing the effectiveness of mindfulness in the prevention of relapse.

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recently endorsed MBCT as an effective treatment for prevention of relapse.

Research has shown that people who have been clinically depressed three or more times (sometimes for twenty years or more) find that taking the program and learning these skills helps to reduce considerably their chances that depression will return.

In a study conducted with 145 participants, all the patients had previously recovered from depression and then relapsed. These sufferers were split randomly into groups providing different methods of treatment.

Within a year, patients who were undergoing MBCT \"reduced relapse from 66% (control group) to 37% (treatment group)\".[4]

\"Whereas most people might be able to ignore sad mood, in previously depressed persons a slight lowering of mood might bring about a potentially devastating change in thought patterns\".[5]

The core skill of MBCT is to teach the ideas of recognizing these thought patterns in order to break away from the false constructs of our mind.

Relapse is avoided because the onset of depression is recognized before it has fully developed.

The vicious cycle is stopped before it even gets started.

More Information On: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT): www.gla.ac.uk/departments/generalpractic...indfulnessreport.PDF & www.feebly.org/Mindfulness-based_Cogniti...apy/encyclopedia.htm